造血干细胞移植分类英文名

细胞储存代理的概述 2023年07月20日 13:56 3 im

Introduction

Blood stem cell transplantation is a medical treatment that replaces damaged or not functioning blood cells with healthy ones. This procedure is usually performed on patients who have certain types of cancers, genetic disorders, or blood diseases. Blood stem cells are present in the bone marrow or peripheral blood, and they can be harvested from the donors bone marrow, umbilical cord, or peripheral blood. There are different types of blood stem cell transplantation based on where the stem cells come from and how they are harvested. Each classification has different advantages, disadvantages, and risks. In this article, we will discuss the four primary classifications of blood stem cell transplantation.

Classification One: Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Autologous stem cell transplantation involves harvesting the patients own stem cells from their bone marrow or peripheral blood. These cells are then treated with high doses of chemotherapy or radiation to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. The harvested stem cells are frozen and stored until needed. Once the patient receives the high-dose treatment, the stored stem cells are then infused back into the patients bloodstream to restart their blood production. This method has several advantages, including the fact that the patients immune system is not compromised, and there is no risk of rejection of the transplant. However, the outcome of the transplant depends on the quality of the harvested stem cells.

Classification Two: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation involves harvesting stem cells from another person, typically a close relative or an unrelated donor. These stem cells are then infused into the patients bloodstream after they have received high-dose chemotherapy or radiation. However, because the transplanted cells are not from the patients own body, there is a greater risk of rejection. Patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation must take immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is highly beneficial because it allows doctors to use cells from donors with specific genetic markers that could cure the patients condition. However, there is a significant risk of graft-versus-host disease, where the transplanted cells attack the patients tissues.

Classification Three: Syngeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Syngeneic stem cell transplantation involves harvesting stem cells from an identical twin. This type of stem cell transplantation is rare, but when possible, it provides a perfect match between donor and recipient, making the risk of rejection minimal. This method eliminates the need for immunosuppressive drugs, with a much lower risk of complications.

Classification Four: Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Umbilical cord blood transplantation involves harvesting stem cells from the umbilical cord of newborn babies. The harvested stem cells are stored until needed. This method has several advantages, including easy access to a large and diverse pool of stem cells, as well as lower chances of graft-versus-host disease because the cells are not fully mature. Additionally, matching donors are more readily available with umbilical cord blood transplantation. However, the number of stem cells that can be harvested from a single umbilical cord is limited, making it less effective for larger patients.

Conclusion

In conclusion, blood stem cell transplantation has four primary classifications that depend on the source of the stem cells and how they are harvested. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of classification depends on the patients needs, medical history, and available donors. Blood stem cell transplantation is a life-saving procedure for many patients, and research continues to improve its efficacy and reduce its risks.