单能干细胞英文
Introduction
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the potential to differentiate into specialized cells and regenerate tissues and organs. Stem cells can be divided into two main categories: pluripotent stem cells and adult or tissue-specific stem cells. Adult or tissue-specific stem cells, also known as somatic stem cells or multipotent stem cells, are found in various tissues and organs of the body and can differentiate into a limited number of cell types. Single-potent stem cells are a type of tissue-specific stem cells that can differentiate into only one cell type.
What are Single-Potent Stem Cells?
Single-potent stem cells are a subtype of tissue-specific stem cells, which can differentiate into only one type of cell. For example, the myogenic stem cells found in skeletal muscle can differentiate into only skeletal muscle cells, while the hematopoietic stem cells found in blood can form all blood cell types, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Single-potent stem cells are also known as unipotent stem cells or lineage-restricted stem cells.
Characteristics of Single-Potent Stem Cells
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Self-renewal: Single-potent stem cells can divide and produce daughter cells that differentiate into their specific cell type. The ability to self-renew allows single-potent stem cells to maintain a reservoir of cells for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Lineage-restricted differentiation: Single-potent stem cells can differentiate into only one cell type, as determined by their origin tissue. This property makes single-potent stem cells ideal for targeted therapies and tissue engineering applications.
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Low proliferative potential: Single-potent stem cells have a limited capacity for proliferation compared to pluripotent stem cells. This property requires the optimization of culture conditions to expand single-potent stem cells for therapeutic use.
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Specific biomarkers: Single-potent stem cells express specific biomarkers that can be used to identify and isolate them from other cell types. For example, the myogenic stem cells express the Pax7 transcription factor, while the hematopoietic stem cells express CD34 and CD133 surface markers.
Applications of Single-Potent Stem Cells
The lineage-restricted differentiation potential of single-potent stem cells makes them suitable for various applications in tissue engineering, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Some examples of applications are:
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Tissue repair: Single-potent stem cells can be used to regenerate damaged or diseased tissues, such as skeletal muscle, blood vessels, and nerves. The myogenic stem cells have been used in clinical trials for muscle regeneration in patients with muscular dystrophy and spinal cord injuries. Hematopoietic stem cells are routinely used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treating blood disorders and cancers.
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Drug screening: Single-potent stem cells can be used for drug screening and toxicity testing. The low proliferative potential of single-potent stem cells makes them ideal for long-term cell culture assays. For example, the hepatic stem cells can be used for liver toxicology assays.
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Disease modeling: Single-potent stem cells can be genetically manipulated to generate disease-specific models, such as the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The iPSCs can differentiate into any cell type and allow the study of disease mechanisms and drug development.
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Cell therapy: Single-potent stem cells can be used for cell replacement therapies for various diseases, such as diabetes and heart failure. The insulin-secreting beta cells derived from pancreatic stem cells can be transplanted into diabetic patients to restore glucose homeostasis. The cardiomyocytes derived from cardiac stem cells can be injected into the damaged heart tissue to improve cardiac function.
Conclusion
Single-potent stem cells are a subtype of tissue-specific stem cells that can differentiate into only one type of cell. They possess specific characteristics, such as self-renewal, lineage-restricted differentiation, low proliferative potential, and specific biomarkers. Single-potent stem cells have numerous applications in tissue engineering, drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Further research on single-potent stem cells will provide new insights into tissue regeneration and disease treatment.
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