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Quicker Recovery with Stem Cells: Parkinsons Disease
Parkinsons disease is a neurological ailment that gradually progresses and has currently no cure. As per the statistics published by Parkinsons Foundation, it affects over 10 million people worldwide, and an additional 60,000 people are diagnosed every year in the USA alone. This degenerative disorder impairs motor abilities and causes tremors, muscle rigidity, as well as slow movement.
The diagnosis of Parkinsons disease is typically clinical and is carried out by a neurologist. Various therapies like medication and physical therapy can help manage the symptoms, but none of them can stop the disease from progressing.
Recently, stem cell therapy is garnering attention as a promising treatment for Parkinsons disease. Several studies show that stem cell therapy can improve the condition by promoting neuron growth and reducing inflammation.
1. What are stem cells?
Stem cells are a type of unspecialized cells that have the potential to become various other cell types. They are found in many parts of the body, including bone marrow, fat cells, and blood vessels. A primary property of stem cells is their ability to renew themselves continually and differentiate into specialized cell types.
There are two types of stem cells:
- Embryonic stem cells - These are derived from the inner cell mass of a developing embryo
- Adult stem cells - These exist in mature animals and include the hematopoietic stem cells present in bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cells present in muscles and fat tissues.
2. How stem cells help in treating Parkinsons disease?
Parkinsons disease happens because dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra (a part of the brain) begin to die off. Studies conducted on stem cell therapy show that stem cells can help produce new dopamine-producing neurons, thus reducing the symptoms of Parkinsons disease.
Stem cells can also paralyze the autoimmune response, which aggravates Parkinsons disease symptoms. Paralyzing autoimmune responses can be accomplished by suppressing immune cytokines and balancing the immune system through inducing regulatory T-cells. The introduction of stem cells in an inflamed environment helps in regeneration and renewal.
3. How stem cells are used to treat Parkinsons disease?
Stem cells for Parkinsons disease are obtained from two sources: autologous and allogeneic.
Autologous stem cells are harvested from the patients body, typically from bone marrow, fat tissue or the blood circulation system.
Allogeneic stem cells, on the other hand, are obtained from someone other than the patient. These are by and large from donated umbilical cord blood or bone marrow samples.
The manner of introducing the stem cells into the body is either directly into the brain or into the bloodstream.
The procedure involves several steps:
- Stem cells are taken from an appropriate source
- The stem cells are then cultured in a lab to multiply the cell number
- The stem cells are then introduced into the patient either through injections or transfusions.
4. Risks Associated with Stem-Cell Therapy
Though stem cells are considered safe, as with any medical treatment, some risks are associated with stem cell therapy. Some potential risks include:
- Infections
- Uncontrolled growth of cells leading to tumors
- Stem cells getting infused into the wrong location or system within the body.
- Unpleasant reactions such as fever, chill or nausea.
5. Conclusion
Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to curing Parkinsons disease, and it has the potential to improve the quality of life of millions of Parkinsons patients worldwide.
It is recommended to talk with your physician to understand whether stem cell therapy is appropriate for your condition.
Although further research and studies are necessary to comprehend the safety and efficacy of stem-cell therapy fully, preliminary conclusions from the current studies show positive results.
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