成都干细胞臂丛神经
1. Introduction
Peripheral nerve injuries are commonly encountered clinical problems causing many physical and emotional problems for patients. Regeneration of the injured axons is a challenging process, but the discovery of the role of mesenchymal stem cells, particularly MSCs, in functional recovery after nerve repair has opened new perspectives for nerve repair research.
2. Arm plexus nerve injury
Arm plexus nerve injury can be caused by different mechanisms such as trauma, surgery, or radiation therapy. Brachial plexus damage can result from any of these mechanisms affecting the nerve roots at different levels, such as cervical disc herniation, trauma to the shoulder, or radiation therapy used for treating breast cancer.
3. MSCs as a potential therapy for nerve injury
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell that can differentiate into various mesodermal cell types, including bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue. The unique property of these cells is their self-renewal ability and plasticity, which makes them an excellent candidate for nerve injury repair. A number of studies have indicated that MSCs have an ability to promote regeneration of axons and enhance the regeneration process via various mechanisms.
4. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs)
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are one of the most studied stem cell types, and their neuroprotective and regenerative effects have been demonstrated in several studies. In addition, they have the potential to differentiate into Schwann cells, which are the myelin-forming cells of the peripheral nervous system, and alleviate neuropathic pain.
5. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs)
Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) are also being investigated for their ability to repair nerve damage and promote axonal regrowth. Compared to BM-MSCs, they are more accessible, less invasive, and easier to isolate. Many studies have demonstrated that PB-MSCs can improve the peripheral nerve regeneration process in animal models and human clinical trials.
6. Clinical application of MSCs in peripheral nerve injury repair
Several clinical studies have shown promising outcomes with regard to the use of MSCs in peripheral nerve injury repair, including the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), and peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs). In a study conducted by Chengdu Medical College, the use of BM-MSCs showed effective functional recovery in patients with brachial plexus injuries. In addition, other studies have also reported successful outcomes using PB-MSCs in patients with median nerve and ulnar nerve damage.
7. Conclusion
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), especially BM-MSCs and PB-MSCs, have shown great potential in functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. However, there is still a long way to go before MSC-based therapy can be widely applied in clinics. Further research should take into consideration the optimization of cell delivery, route of administration, and dosage to achieve better functional recovery.
References:
- Ebrahimi S, Mirzaei E, Shirian S, et al. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine: application to bone and cartilage repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2019 Jun;15(3):346-357.
- Ma J, Gao Y, Xu J, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for post-traumatic spinal cord repair: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Transl Res. 2019 Dec 15;11(12):7589-7607.
- Zhang R, Liu Y, Yan K, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2013 Jan 22;10:106.
- Kuci Z, Seiberth J, Treskatsch S, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment of critical-sized bone defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies. Injury. 2018 Mar;49 Suppl 1:S45-S52.
- Shen CC, Yang YC, Liu BS. Peripheral nerve injury repair: mission impossible? Neural Regen Res. 2018 Sep;13(9):1495-1496.
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